April 12 was already a huge day in space history twenty years before the
 launch of the first shuttle mission. On that day in 1961, Russian 
cosmonaut 
Yuri Gagarin (left, on the way to the launch pad) became the 
first human in space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1
 spacecraft. Newspapers like The Huntsville Times (right) trumpeted 
Gagarin's accomplishment. 
Mercury astronaut 
Alan Shepard became the first American in space less 
than a month later. 
Scientific cooperation with the 
Soviet Union dates back to the very 
beginnings of space flight. The