GUIDE TO MAKE CATTLE LIVESTOCK (BEEF)

I. Introduction.
The majority of beef cattle breeding business is still with the traditional pattern and scale of sideline business. This is due to the large investment if done on a large and modern, with kecilpun scale will get a good profit if done with the principle of modern culture. PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL with the principle of K-3 (Quantity, Quality and Health) to help farming beef cattle fattening for both large and small scale business.
II. Fattening
Fattening beef cattle is the maintenance of adult cows in thin condition to be improved through the enlargement of meat weight in a relatively short (3-5 months). Several issues related to fattening beef cattle are:

1. Types of Beef Cattle.
Several types of cows that are used to going in fattening beef cattle in Indonesia are:

A. Bali cattle.
Characteristic red color with white on the legs from the knees down and on the buttocks, back striped black color (line eel). The advantages of this cow can adapt well to the new environment.
B. Ongole cows.
Characteristics are white with black in some parts of the body, sagged and humped, and good adaptability. This species has been crossed with cattle of Madura, the offspring is called Peranakan Ongole (PO) characteristics similar to Ongole cattle but lower production capability.
C. Brahman cattle.
Characteristic brown to dark brown, with white on the head. Power to rapid growth, so be excellent beef cattle in Indonesia.
D. Cow Madura.
Having humped characteristic, yellow to red brick, sometimes there are white on the snout, tail and lower legs. Type this cow has a low weight gain power.

E. Limousin cow.
Has the characteristic black color varies with red brick and white, there is a white color on the muzzle of his head, big body and has a good production level
2. Election going.
Going is an important factor, because it determines the final outcome fattening. Election going to require precision, flair and experience. The characteristics are going good:
- Aged over 2.5 years.
- Male sex.
- Long body shape, round and wide, a minimum length of 170 cm at least 135 cm shoulder height, chest circumference of 133 cm.
- Body thin, protruding bones, but still healthy (thin from lack of food, not because of illness).
- Views eyes shining bright and smooth hair.
- Dirt normal


III. Management of Maintenance.
3.1. Perkandangan.
In general, the cage has two types, namely individuals and groups. In individual cages, each cow occupies his own place measuring 2.5 X 1.5 m. This type can spur more rapid growth, because it does not happen in the competition to get food and have limited space, so that the energy obtained from food is used for basic living and production of meat is not lost because a lot of moves. In the cage group, going in one fattening period are placed in one cage. One cow requires more space than individual cages. The weakness of this cage type which occurred competition in getting the feed so that cows tend to quickly grow stronger than the weak, as more get the feed.

3.2. Feed.
Based on the condition fisioloigis and digestive system, cows were classified ruminants, because digestion through three processes, that is mechanically in the mouth with the help of saliva (saliva), a Fermentative rumen with rumen microbial assistance and enzymatically after passing the rumen. Research shows that by relying on a feed fattening forage alone, does not provide optimal results and requires a long time. One way to speed up the fattening is to feed a combination of forages and concentrates. Concentrates used are dregs of beer, tofu waste, bagasse, rice bran, soybean seed coat, leather and artificial pineapple food factory. Concentrate given prior to feeding the rumen microbes, so that when feeding forages into the rumen, rumen microbes are ready and active to digest forage. Supplies of feed (dry weight) per tail is 2.5% weight. Forage used is rice straw, sugarcane leaves, corn leaves, reeds and wild grasses as low-quality feed and elephant grass, Setaria kolonjono as high-quality feed. Determination of feed quality is based on the high and low content of nutrients (oxygen feed) and crude fiber content. Feeding low-quality forage containing high roughage that are difficult to digest because of the lignin that is difficult to dissolve by enzyme digestion.

Therefore, PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL also issued a special supplement livestock that is VITERNA Plus. This product uses technology created by amino acids the body's physiological approach to cattle, that is by examining a variety of nutritional needs of cattle.

VITERNA Plus contains many nutrients needed livestock, namely:
- Minerals as a constituent of bone, blood and play a role in the synthesis of enzymes, namely N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl and others.
- Amino acids, namely Arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine and others as the building blocks of protein, and cell-forming organs.
- Vitamin full functioning to the ongoing body of a normal physiological process and increase the resilience of the cow's body from disease attack.
- Acid - essential organic acids, including propionic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid. How to use it is to be mixed in drinking water or komboran with dose:

5 cc / head per day for cattle, buffalo and horses

4 cc / head per day for goats and sheep.

Additions Plus VITERNA is done on providing drinking water or komboran the first.

3.3. Disease Control.

In disease control, which is done is the main disease prevention rather than treatment, because drug use would increase production costs and no guarantee of success of the treatment performed. Prevention effort that can be done to maintain the health of cattle are:

a. Use of quarantine cage. The new cattle should be quarantined in a separate cage, with the aim to monitor the presence of certain symptoms that are not known at the time of the purchase process. In addition, to adapt cattle to the new environment. At the time cattle quarantined, should be given worm medicine because most of the cows according to a study in Indonesia (especially cow folk) had worms. This disease is not lethal, but will reduce the speed of weight gain when fattened. When the cow is the one-week quarantine for cattle healthy and sick cows with newly issued after the cow healthy. Quarantine cage in addition to the new cattle are also used to separate the old cow who suffer pain so as not to spread to other healthy cows.

b. Keeping cattle clean and stable. Cattle are fattened intensively will produce a lot of dirt because they have sufficient food, so that the sewage must be made at any time if dirty cages started to prevent the development of bacteria and viruses that cause disease.

c. Vaccinations for the new going. Enough vaccine made at the time cattle are in the quarantine cage. Vaccination is important to do is anthrax vaccination. Several types of diseases that can meyerang beef cattle are worms, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), bloating (Bloat) and others.

IV. Meat Production.

Factors affecting meat production is

1. Feed.

Forage quality and the optimal amount will affect both the quality of meat. The treatment of feed with NPB will increase the digestibility of feed mainly on low-quality food while giving VITERNA Plus offers a variety of nutrients needed so that beef cattle will grow faster and healthier.

2. Genetic factor.
Livestock with a good genetic quality will grow well / fast that meat production is higher.

3. Sex.
Male cattle livestock grow faster than females, so that at the same age, male animals have a body and a bigger meat.

4. Management.
Maintenance with good management make the cow healthy and fast growing form of meat, so the fattening period is becoming shorter.