Nelson Mandela’s Life and Times in Photographs

krishna 2:02 PM F. W. de Klerk , Inkatha Freedom Party , Mandela , Nelson Mandela , South Africa , Soweto

Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992 Copyright World Economic Forum (www.weforum.org) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Nelson Mandela’s Life and Times in Photographs

Nelson Mandela Life - Nelson Mandela photograph of January 2006

A Free Man

Photograph by Kim Ludbrook, European Pressphoto Agency
Nelson Mandela, the civil rights leader who rose from a small village in rural, apartheid-era South Africa to become the country's first black President, died on Thursday at age 95. Mandela's election in 1994 ended three centuries of European domination of indigenous African people of the region.
Mandela, pictured here in 2006, had been released from prison in 1990 after serving 27 years for his attempts to overthrow the white minority government in the 1960s. He won the Nobel Peace Prize and other honors for his leadership of the peaceful transition to democracy in South Africa.
When Mandela arrived at the Cape Town City Hall after his release, a crowd of 50,000 supporters had assembled to hear his first words in public in over a quarter century. "Our struggle has reached a decisive moment," he said, in an event broadcast around the world. "Our march to freedom is irreversible."
The lawyer and anti-apartheid activist had been convicted of treason and sabotage in June 1964 and sentenced to life imprisonment. He spent most of his sentence on Robben Island, off Cape Town, doing hard labor. During the 1980s he refused many offers for early release from the government because of the conditions attached.
But on February 2, 1990, South African President F. W. de Klerk reversed the ban on the African National Congress (ANC) and other anti-apartheid organizations, announcing that Mandela would be released. It was the beginning of the opening up of apartheid-era South Africa, in which blacks faced severe discrimination.
In the first national elections in which blacks had the right to vote, the ANC won and Mandela became President. He remained in that office until 1999.

Published June 24, 2013
Initiation Rite

Photograph by Bruno Hadjih, Anzenberger/Redux
Nelson Mandela was born into a royal family of the Xhosa nation, one of the largest ethnic groups in South Africa. Xhosa young men, such as those in this photograph, undergo a rite of initiation that involves isolation from their families during which they receive instruction by elder men, followed by circumcision, which continues to be practiced in many parts of central and southern Africa. Initiates are thereafter considered to be adult men. Mandela recalled his initiation in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom.

Published June 24, 2013
South Africa in Flames

Photograph by Greg Marinovich, AP
In this September 15, 1990, photo, the burning body of a man identified as a Zulu Inkatha Freedom Party supporter is clubbed by followers of the rival African National Congress during factional violence in Soweto, South Africa.
In the run-up to the 1994 elections that brought Nelson Mandela to power, many South Africans were fearful about the rising violence, particularly between rival ANC and Inkatha Freedom Party factions. Aggression and bombings by white supremacists hoping to spark a race war to stave off black majority rule were also a concern.
Mandela campaigned indefatigably, appealing to people to throw their weapons into the sea, and demanding that the last white President, F. W. de Klerk, get tough on recalcitrant officers in the police and security forces.
Against all odds, the party of Nelson Mandela transformed a nation where just 20 years before black South Africans could not vote, and where public amenities like buses, trains, beaches, and restaurants were segregated racially. Following the electoral victory of the ANC, Mandela worked hard to defuse racial tensions by including Inkatha leaders in his Cabinet and reaching out to white right-wing leaders. Political violence simmered down.

Published June 24, 2013
Winnie Mandela

Photograph by Greg English, AP
Winnie Mandela, wife of Nelson Mandela, raises a clenched fist after appearing at a Johannesburg magistrate's court in December 1986. Mrs. Mandela had been held by police in Soweto the previous day for defying an order banning her presence there.
She became a political leader in her own right during her husband's long stint in prison. But her leadership style and some of her associates made her a controversial figure, especially after a youth staying in her house was beaten to death in mysterious circumstances.

Published June 24, 2013
Mandela's Prison Cell

Photograph by Matt Shonfeld, Redux
Nelson Mandela's former prison cell (cell 5 in B-section in the political prisoners area) on Robben Island, off Cape Town. Conditions were spartan in the tiny cell; the bed was a mat on the floor. For years after he was released, even when he was President of South Africa, Mandela continued to make his own bed each morning, as he did in prison.
The Robben Island prison was where the South African government incarcerated its most high-profile political prisoners. Mail to and from the facility was screened and censored, and only occasional visitors were allowed. Mandela and others used communal lavatories and showers. They spent much of their day at hard labor, including breaking rocks in a lime quarry on the island, where the glare and dust caused damage to Mandela's eyes.
Robben Island's political prisoners organized themselves, negotiating for better conditions with the authorities and establishing their own rules of behavior among themselves. They also shared their education with one another. While in prison, Mandela secretly wrote much of his autobiography, which was smuggled out by released prisoners.

Published June 24, 2013
Mandela Released

Photograph from AP
With much of the world watching on television, Nelson Mandela and wife Winnie walk hand in hand and raise clenched fists upon his release from Victor prison, Cape Town, on Sunday, February 11, 1990.

Published June 24, 2013
Mandela Abroad

Photograph by Rob Croese, AP
Nelson Mandela addressed a crowd of about 15,000 from the balcony of Amsterdam's city theater on June 16, 1990. On the left, seen from the back, is his wife Winnie. Then the deputy president of the African National Congress, Mandela was on a 13-nation, six-week Freedom Tour to thank international supporters of the anti-apartheid movement and appeal to the global community to maintain their sanctions against South Africa.

Published June 24, 2013
Mandela Visits His Prison Cell

Photograph by Louise Gubb, SABA/CORBIS
On the fourth anniversary of his release, Nelson Mandela looks out the window of his former cell in Robben Island Prison. He was held as a political prisoner by the apartheid-based government from 1964 to 1990. The cell has been preserved and has become a popular destination for tourists.

Published June 24, 2013
South Africa’s First Multiracial National Election

Photograph by Tom Stoddart, Getty Images
Lines of people wait in the dawn light to vote in the election that resulted in Nelson Mandela's election as President of South Africa. The three-day voting period, April 26-29, 1994, marked the first time that adult South Africans of all races could vote for representatives to the national Parliament and provincial legislatures. The African National Congress won by a landslide, and April 27, Freedom Day, is now a public holiday.

Published June 24, 2013
Celebrating Mandela’s Election

Photograph by David Turnley, Corbis
South Africans partied through the night when the official results of the April 1994 election were released, after Mandela and other party leaders had spent hours behind closed doors reviewing allegations of fraud and other issues. But there was no doubting the result: More than 60 percent of the votes had been cast for the African National Congress, and Nelson Mandela was the President-elect of a new democratic South Africa.

Published June 24, 2013
Mandela in Retirement

Photograph by Peter Dejong, AP
In this 2007 photo, former South African President Nelson Mandela reacts as German Chancellor Angela Merkel, left, waves farewell after a meeting at the Nelson Mandela Foundation building in Johannesburg.
Mandela continued to receive heads of state for years after he stepped down as South Africa's first post-apartheid president. In recent years he spent most of his time in seclusion with his family, occasionally appearing in public for a major national event. Mandela started ailing as he entered his nineties and was repeatedly admitted to hospital to treat a recurring lung infection.

Published June 24, 2013

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/06/pictures/131105-nelson-mandela-pictures-photos-south-africa-apartheid/

Mysterious Deaths Threaten a Population of Southern Right Whales

krishna 1:26 PM Argentina , Buenos Aires , International Whaling Commission , Marine biology , Marine Ecology Progress Series , Peninsula Valdes , Southern right whale , University of Utah

Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis) breaching, Valdes Peninsula, Argentina, Atlantic Ocean (2 of 7)

A southern right whale breaching off of Peninsula Valdes, Argentina.

The "mass mortality" of hundreds of southern right whale calves mystify scientists.

Surprisingly large numbers of southern right whale calves are dying off the coast of Argentina, sparking concerns among marine scientists and conservation officials.

Overall, southern right whales are doing much better than their endangered brethren to the north. But for one group of southern right whales that gives birth off Peninsula Valdés, Argentina (map), fate has not been so kind.

Hundreds of the Peninsula Valdés whales have died since monitoring of their population size began in 1971, researchers report in a study published this month in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series. From 1971 to 2011, 630 of the right whales died—adults and young ones combined.

But 77 percent of those deaths occurred between 2003 and 2011. And of those recent deaths, 89 percent have occurred in the calves. Scientists are still struggling to understand why.

Changes in monitoring efforts over the years could probably account for some of the increase in recorded deaths, researchers acknowledge in the study. But they can't account for all of it.

Something else is going on that has so far defied the efforts of scientists to get to the bottom of the situation.

It's a real frustration, said Vicky Rowntree, a behavioral ecologist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City and director of the right whale program at Ocean Alliance/Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

No Common Cause

A meeting of marine biologists and veterinarians convened by the International Whaling Commission in 2010 to study the problem settled on three possible explanations: low food abundance, disease, or toxins such as domoic acid or saxitoxin produced by harmful algal blooms.

"A lot of our research has been trying to look at those [explanations]," said lead study author Rowntree. But so far, researchers and veterinarians have been unable to find a common cause of death in the hundreds of samples taken from the dead calves.

A small number of calves show evidence of disease while others contain low levels of toxins. Figuring out whether the calves got enough food is harder to determine, Rowntree explained. (See "New Diseases, Toxins Harming Marine Life.")

Blubber thickness is one way researchers look at whether these calves are getting enough food or not. They also look to other markers of nutritional stress in body tissues or the whales' baleen—located in a whale's mouth which they use to strain food out of seawater.

The timing of the deaths has both confused and helped efforts to understand what's going on. Baby whales in certain years seem to have died shortly after birth, while in other years, they've died later in the May-December calving season. This suggests that more than one cause may be responsible for these "high mortality" events, the study authors write.

"But the timing of the mortality might give us some clue as to why they died," said Rowntree. If a calf died shortly after birth, that could indicate a wide-scale food shortage problem.

If a calf died later in the year, when the whales start to feed on krill and copepods, then perhaps the young ones are ingesting a toxin or pollutant, she explained. (See "Sea Lion Seizures May Result From Toxic Algae.")

Analyses of Northern Atlantic right whale populations indicate they ingest algal toxins produced during harmful algal blooms. Krill and copepods are grazers and take in toxins along with the algae they eat. Those toxins, in turn, are transferred to the whales when they gulp down their prey.

"The adults can deal with it," Rowntree said. "But maybe the toxins are too strong for the babies."

Blame It On Birds?

Another possible explanation—supported by Rowntree and discussed at an April 2013 international meeting of veterinarians in Sausalito, California—is harassment by kelp gulls (Larus domincanus).

"They're large gulls and they've learned to feed on the skin they peck from the backs of the whales," she explained. "They make a hole in the skin and they attack it over and over during the season."

Some enterprising birds started the strategy in the early 1980s, and it has since spread to other gulls all over the peninsula.

Although it seems that the mothers have learned how to avoid such pointed attention from the birds, the calves haven't. "So most calves have a chain of lesions along their backs from being pecked by the gulls," Rowntree explained.

It's quite possible that this harassment could contribute to calf deaths around Peninsula Valdés, the animal ecologist said. That's the only big problem these right whales seem to have in common that sets them apart from other southern right whale populations which aren't experiencing such large numbers of deaths.

Watching What They Eat

For now, Rowntree and her colleagues are looking at tracking where these whales feed. There is some evidence suggesting that low prey abundance, specifically Antarctic krill (Euphasia superba), could lead to increases in whale deaths.

Female southern right whales depend on krill to bulk up their blubber reserves before they give birth. During their calves' first few months of life, the mothers don't eat.

If the mothers aren't storing enough blubber, they may not be able to provide adequate nutrition for their babies.

Whale diets leave specific signatures in their baleen, depending on where in the world the animal fed, Rowntree explained. "If the mothers eat in the Southern Hemisphere, that food [has] a unique signature."

If they can link increases in Peninsula Valdés right whale deaths with low krill abundance, then perhaps they can narrow in on what's causing so many calves to die.

Wait and See

It's still a little too early to tell how all these deaths will affect the population's overall numbers. But it doesn't look good.

Last year, researchers recorded 116 southern right whale strandings in the Peninsula Valdés population. That accounts for nearly three percent of the western South Atlantic stock, the study authors write.

"No other known single-year die-off of baleen whales is as large," the researchers note.

Female southern right whales are sexually mature when they turn nine, Rowntree said. Since the die-off began in 2005, females born that year will be able to start having babies in 2014.

Southern right whale pregnancies last a year. Then it takes a year for the mother to nurse her calf and then another year for her to build up her blubber reserves for the next pregnancy.

So it will be another three years before researchers have a clear picture of how badly the Peninsula Valdés population has been affected.
Mysterious Deaths Threaten a Population of Southern Right Whales

Memasang Banner Akan Membantu Mempromosikan Merek Anda

krishna 12:53 PM Banner , Business school , Ian Richardson , Norwegian Media Authority , Political Science , Product placement , United States , Usaha

Bahasa Indonesia: Uleg-uleg adalah salah satu alat yang ada di dapur yang dimanfaatkan untuk menghaluskan bumbu masak atau yang lain diatas cobek (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Apakah Anda merencanakan acara khusus di bisnis Anda bahwa Anda perlu signage untuk mempromosikan? Mungkin Anda bersiap-siap untuk menghadiri pameran dagang atau konvensi dan ingin sesuatu yang akan menarik perhatian ke stan Anda dan membedakan Anda dari peserta lain? Memiliki banner kustom dicetak akan memberikan bantuan visual yang berharga yang dapat menarik perhatian dan membantu Anda berkomunikasi informasi berharga tentang merek Anda kepada pelanggan potensial , Klien, atau investor. Bahkan, tidak hanya dapat keuntungan dari bisnis spanduk, tapi bagaimana olahraga atau tari anak Anda tim? Tidak ada yang menunjukkan semangat tim dan dukungan seperti menggantung spanduk yang menampilkan nama tim mereka di bangku atau di tribun. Ada berbagai jenis banner, pilih salah satu, atau menggabungkan mereka untuk membuat strategi iklan dinamis.

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contoh printer outdoor

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Jika Anda mencari suatu tanda yang tahan luar di adil, atau outdoor pameran dagang atau konvensi, spanduk vinyl adalah pilihan yang lebih baik. Warna-warna hidup dan daya tahan tanda vinil membuat mereka pilihan populer di kalangan bisnis. Satu hal yang perlu diperhatikan jika Anda memilih tanda vinyl adalah bahwa mereka tidak harus dilipat ketika mereka diangkut atau disimpan. Banyak perusahaan menawarkan tabung banner yang akan membuat mengangkut dan menyimpan tanda Anda lebih mudah dan sangat memperpanjang umur banner Anda.

Ketika datang untuk menampilkan banner Anda, ada banyak pilihan banner berdiri. Salah satu yang paling portabel berdiri banner ditarik. Ini berdiri berfungsi sebagai stan berdiri dan kasus untuk banner Anda. Apakah Anda ingat peta guru Anda digunakan untuk menarik ke bawah papan tulis di depan kamar ketika Anda berada di sekolah? Sebuah teknologi yang sama digunakan dengan berdiri banner yang paling ditarik tapi bukannya merobohkan, tanda-tanda menarik keluar dari dasar dan kemudian mengunci ke tempatnya. Banyak dari berdiri juga menawarkan kemampuan bagi Anda untuk mengubah atau mengganti banner Anda dengan yang baru tanpa membeli keseluruhan baru berdiri. Ini akan membantu memastikan bahwa Anda dapat menjaga saat iklan bisnis Anda.

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asli editan sendiri

Jika Anda menghadiri pameran dagang atau konvensi, Anda akan perlu untuk membuat booth yang akan menarik orang untuk dan mendidik orang-orang tentang produk Anda. Selain spanduk kecil, Anda mungkin ingin memiliki tampilan pop up kustom yang akan menciptakan latar belakang yang dinamis bagi Anda untuk menunjukkan kasus merek Anda terhadap. Pikirkan ini spanduk skala besar billboard yang akan menutupi seluruh dinding belakang stan Anda. Banyak dari mereka datang dengan pencahayaan kit pilihan untuk membantu Anda menerangi aspek yang paling penting dari kampanye iklan Anda.

Cari tahu informasi lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan pemasaran bisnis Anda dengan bertanya kepada konsultan bisnis terpercaya yang anda percayai.

Pokki - Download Free Desktop Apps and Games

krishna 10:19 AM

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Bring back the classic Start Menu to Windows 8

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Lenovo PCs now come with Pokki! | Pokki Blog

krishna 9:16 AM News , Pokki

We’re excited to announce that the #1 PC maker in the world, Lenovo, will be shipping Pokki on new Windows 8 devices worldwide! In other words, you’ll soon be able to buy a brand new Lenovo laptop or desktop with our full Pokki software suite integrated and ready to use out-of-the-box!

Everything our hard working Pokki squirrel creates – from the Start menu to the modern desktop apps, to the app store and the new game arcade – is all about making the PC experience better for users, as well as helping developers get their apps in front of the right users.

We started SweetLabs with the dream of building the world’s largest app distribution platform – connecting the right apps with the right users. While developers continue to fight for attention and distribution in the crowded iOS, Android, and Facebook channels, we’ve unlocked a massive, new channel – enabling the opportunity to recommend and promote apps on brand new Lenovo PCs.

Along with the partnership we’re announcing today, we are also expanding the scope of Pokki. Our app store and app recommendation platform now supports additional app types, starting with traditional Windows desktop apps. There are 4 million desktop apps out there and we want to make sure that we can help users access and discover all their favorite apps, whether they are web apps or desktop apps.

Also, we have internationalized Pokki to support 13 languages i.e. Chinese (simplified), Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish (Spain), Spanish (Latin America), Swedish, Portuguese (Brazil), and Russian. Even though Pokki has only known one language (English) up until now, we know that for the majority of our loyal fans and users, English isn’t your first language so we’re adding additional language support as quickly as we can.

In summary, we are proud that 2 out of the top 4 PC manufacturers are now shipping Pokki and the app distribution opportunity that opens up for developers. But we are only getting started. If you are a developer who is interested in getting your app in front of tens of millions of users, please visit our developer site to learn more about how we can help.

We thank all of our users for the ongoing support and, as always, turn to your feedback and commentary as we continue to build out our platform.

Healthy Food to Indulge at Diet Times

krishna 4:12 PM Foods , Nature

"This, shipmates, this is that other lesson; and woe to that pilot of the living God who slights it. Woe to him whom this world charms from Gospel duty! Woe to him who seeks to pour oil upon the waters when God has brewed them into a gale! Woe to him who seeks to please rather than to appal! Woe to him whose good name is more to him than goodness! Woe to him who, in this world, courts not dishonour! Woe to him who would not be true, even though to be false were salvation! Yea, woe to him who, as the great Pilot Paul has it, while preaching to others is himself a castaway!"

He dropped and fell away from himself for a moment; then lifting his face to them again, showed a deep joy in his eyes, as he cried out with a heavenly enthusiasm,—"But oh! shipmates! on the starboard hand of every woe, there is a sure delight; and higher the top of that delight, than the bottom of the woe is deep. Is not the main-truck higher than the kelson is low? Delight is to him—a far, far upward, and inward delight—who against the proud gods and commodores of this earth, ever stands forth his own inexorable self. Delight is to him whose strong arms yet support him, when the ship of this base treacherous world has gone down beneath him. Delight is to him, who gives no quarter in the truth, and kills, burns, and destroys all sin though he pluck it out from under the robes of Senators and Judges. Delight,—top-gallant delight is to him, who acknowledges no law or lord, but the Lord his God, and is only a patriot to heaven. Delight is to him, whom all the waves of the billows of the seas of the boisterous mob can never shake from this sure Keel of the Ages. And eternal delight and deliciousness will be his, who coming to lay him down, can say with his final breath—O Father!—chiefly known to me by Thy rod—mortal or immortal, here I die. I have striven to be Thine, more than to be this world's, or mine own. Yet this is nothing: I leave eternity to Thee; for what is man that he should live out the lifetime of his God?"

He said no more, but slowly waving a benediction, covered his face with his hands, and so remained kneeling, till all the people had departed, and he was left alone in the place.

Returning to the Spouter-Inn from the Chapel, I found Queequeg there quite alone; he having left the Chapel before the benediction some time. He was sitting on a bench before the fire, with his feet on the stove hearth, and in one hand was holding close up to his face that little negro idol of his; peering hard into its face, and with a jack-knife gently whittling away at its nose, meanwhile humming to himself in his heathenish way.

But being now interrupted, he put up the image; and pretty soon, going to the table, took up a large book there, and placing it on his lap began counting the pages with deliberate regularity; at every fiftieth page—as I fancied—stopping a moment, looking vacantly around him, and giving utterance to a long-drawn gurgling whistle of astonishment. He would then begin again at the next fifty; seeming to commence at number one each time, as though he could not count more than fifty, and it was only by such a large number of fifties being found together, that his astonishment at the multitude of pages was excited.

Portland is known as one of the most bicycle friendly cities

krishna 5:37 PM People , Travel

But to my astonishment I discovered that with death staring him in the face Abner Perry was transformed into a new being. From his lips there flowed—not prayer—but a clear and limpid stream of undiluted profanity, and it was all directed at that quietly stubborn piece of unyielding mechanism.
"I should think, Perry," I chided, "that a man of your professed religiousness would rather be at his prayers than cursing in the presence of imminent death."

"Death!" he cried. "Death is it that appalls you? That is nothing by comparison with the loss the world must suffer. Why, David within this iron cylinder we have demonstrated possibilities that science has scarce dreamed. We have harnessed a new principle, and with it animated a piece of steel with the power of ten thousand men. That two lives will be snuffed out is nothing to the world calamity that entombs in the bowels of the earth the discoveries that I have made and proved in the successful construction of the thing that is now carrying us farther and farther toward the eternal central fires."

I am frank to admit that for myself I was much more concerned with our own immediate future than with any problematic loss which the world might be about to suffer. The world was at least ignorant of its bereavement, while to me it was a real and terrible actuality.

"What can we do?" I asked, hiding my perturbation beneath the mask of a low and level voice.
"We may stop here, and die of asphyxiation when our atmosphere tanks are empty," replied Perry, "or we may continue on with the slight hope that we may later sufficiently deflect the prospector from the vertical to carry us along the arc of a great circle which must eventually return us to the surface. If we succeed in so doing before we reach the higher internal temperature we may even yet survive. There would seem to me to be about one chance in several million that we shall succeed—otherwise we shall die more quickly but no more surely than as though we sat supinely waiting for the torture of a slow and horrible death."

I glanced at the thermometer. It registered 110 degrees. While we were talking the mighty iron mole had bored its way over a mile into the rock of the earth's crust.

"Let us continue on, then," I replied. "It should soon be over at this rate. You never intimated that the speed of this thing would be so high, Perry. Didn't you know it?"

"No," he answered. "I could not figure the speed exactly, for I had no instrument for measuring the mighty power of my generator. I reasoned, however, that we should make about five hundred yards an hour."

Framekiller teknik untuk mencegah web ditampilkan dalam bingkai

krishna 11:19 AM

Definisi: framekiller

Kode JavaScript tertanam di halaman Web yang mencegah halaman dari yang digunakan di situs Web pihak ketiga yang menggunakan frame HTML. Kode ini mendefinisikan lokasi halaman sehingga tidak akan ditampilkan dengan benar dalam bingkai. Lihat frame .

Sebuah framekiller (atau framebuster atau framebreaker) adalah teknik yang digunakan oleh web applications untuk mencegah mereka web pages dari yang ditampilkan dalam frame . Sebuah frame adalah pembagian jendela browser Web dan dapat bertindak seperti jendela kecil. Ini biasanya digunakan untuk mencegah frame dari sebuah situs web eksternal yang dimuat dari dalam frameset tanpa izin sering sebagai bagian dari clickjacking serangan.

Framekillers Pertama Secara historis, script framekiller pertama adalah sesederhana ini:

<script type="text/javascript">
  if(top != self) top.location.replace(location);
</script>

Logika di sini adalah untuk menampilkan halaman, tetapi memeriksa apakah lokasi atas adalah sama dengan halaman saat ini, dan mengganti puncak dengan saat ini jika tidak.
Ada banyak variasi script ini. Contoh ini adalah cross-browser yang kompatibel, menghindari benda-benda usang, dan menggunakan menggantikan yang mempertahankan back-button pengguna. Membandingkan referensi objek, restoran, diri dan lokasi langsung sedikit lebih efisien, dan ringkas.

Framekiller modern Pada tahun 2010 Gustav Rydstedt, Elie Bursztein, Dan Boneh dan Collin Jackson menerbitkan sebuah makalah yang menyoroti keterbatasan teknik frame-penghilang saat ini dan yang diusulkan mengikuti versi perbaikan: ^[1]

 <style> html{display:none;} </style>
<script>
   if(self == top) {
       document.documentElement.style.display = 'block'; 
   } else {
       top.location = self.location; 
   }
</script>

Logika script ini adalah untuk menonaktifkan penyajian halaman secara default dan mengaktifkannya hanya di atas lokasi.

Pembunuh Framekiller Framekillers sederhana dapat dicegah dari bekerja dengan JavaScript berikut bersama dengan server yang merespon dengan HTTP/1.1 204 No Content , seperti yang ditemukan dalam blog ini . Hanya tempat kode berikut di frame atas. Ia bekerja karena dalam kebanyakan browser yang 204 respon HTTP akan melakukan apa-apa, berarti ia akan meninggalkan kita pada halaman saat ini. Namun upaya permintaan akan menggantikan frame penghilang sebelumnya upaya, render itu tidak berguna.

var prevent_bust = 0;
 
// Event handler to catch execution of the busting script.
window.onbeforeunload = function() { prevent_bust++ };
 
// Continuously monitor whether busting script has fired.
setInterval(function() {
  if (prevent_bust > 0) {  // Yes: it has fired. 
    prevent_bust -= 2;     // Avoid further action.
    // Get a 'No Content' status which keeps us on the same page.
    window.top.location = 'http://server-which-responds-with-204.example.com/';
  }
}, 1);

Alternatif solusi Sebuah pilihan alternatif adalah untuk memungkinkan pengguna untuk menentukan apakah akan membiarkan pekerjaan framekiller.

var framekiller = true;
window.onbeforeunload = function() { 
  if(framekiller) {
    return "...";  // any message that helps user to make decision
  }
};

dan kode di bawah ini harus ditambahkan setelah tag frame:

//"my_frame" should be changed according to the real id of the frame in your page 
document.getElementById("my_frame").onload = function() { 
  framekiller = false;
};

Keterbatasan Framekiller Client-side JavaScript solusi bergantung pada browser pengguna akhir menegakkan keamanan mereka sendiri. Hal ini membuat alat yang bermanfaat, tetapi tidak dapat diandalkan, dari pelarangan halaman Anda untuk dimasukkan dalam halaman lain. Situasi berikut dapat membuat script di atas berguna:

Agen pengguna tidak mendukung JavaScript.
User agent mendukung JavaScript tetapi pengguna telah berubah dukungan off.
Dukungan JavaScript pengguna agen cacat atau sebagian dilaksanakan.
Perilaku pengguna agen dimodifikasi oleh virus atau plug-in (mungkin tanpa sepengetahuan pengguna) dengan cara yang merusak script framekiller.

Definisi: frame

Sebuah fitur tata letak HTML yang membuat beberapa dokumen (file HTML) pada halaman Web pada saat yang sama. Frame digunakan di situs web mirip dengan cara aplikasi menampilkan beberapa jendela. Hal ini memungkinkan data statis akan terlihat sepanjang waktu, sementara data lain yang sam. Sebagai contoh, menu dapat ditemukan di bagian atas halaman dengan link ke artikel di bawah ini. Artikel-artikel dapat menggulir tanpa mengubah posisi menu pada halaman.

Bingkai mungkin berisi konten dari situs yang berbeda, seperti link di situs Web dapat mengambil halaman Web dari server apapun. Frames otomatis menyediakan scroll bar jika konten lebih besar dari bingkai jendela.

Sebuah Fitur Contentious
Frames telah menjadi kontroversi sejak hari pertama di Web. Browser sebelumnya tidak membuat frame yang sama atau mungkin tidak sama sekali, itulah sebabnya mengapa situs berbingkai biasanya menawarkan "no-frame" versi. Pengguna tidak dapat selalu penunjuk frame, dan mengklik tombol Back dan Forward browser tidak bisa bergerak konten dalam frame yang Anda inginkan.

Bingkai juga dapat menunjukkan dokumen HTML pada server pihak ketiga dan memberikan kesan bahwa konten tersebut berasal dari situs yang sama. Hal ini memungkinkan konten untuk dapat dengan mudah dikumpulkan, tetapi juga memungkinkan konten pihak ketiga dapat dicuri dari situs lain kecuali tindakan pencegahan yang diambil di situs tersebut (lihat framekiller ).

Selain itu, frame dapat dihindari oleh pengembang Web karena mesin pencari tidak dapat mengindeks konten dengan benar. Bingkai juga tidak ramah untuk browser audio untuk tunanetra (lihat Browser suara ). Lihat frameset , iFrame dan XFrames .

HTML Frames

The HTML fitur frame digunakan untuk partisi halaman ke windows, dan konten dalam jendela dapat digulir atau statis. IFrame adalah frame HTML independen yang dapat ditempatkan di manapun pada halaman seperti teks dan grafis. Jika iFrame berada dalam bingkai digulir, maka akan gulir dari layar seperti benda-benda lain pada halaman.

Definisi: Browser audio

Sebuah browser Web yang menyediakan kemampuan text-to-speech untuk orang buta dan tunanetra. Karena halaman web yang dikodekan dalam HTML, browser audio yang dapat dengan mudah mengidentifikasi link, artikel header, teks tubuh dan atribut lainnya, yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk melewati sekitar halaman.

Aplikasi ini menggunakan keyboard shortcut perintah dan mungkin menawarkan pengenalan suara. Sebuah kotak input ekstra besar biasanya tersedia untuk pengguna yang memiliki beberapa kapasitas visual. Gambar mungkin dinonaktifkan untuk membuat halaman lebih cepat, dan seperti browser Web biasa, pengguna dapat mengakses fungsi menu seperti bookmark dan mintalah mereka membaca secara lisan.

Frames Apakah No Audio Browser Ramah
Penggunaan HTML frame pada halaman Web, yang membagi halaman menjadi beberapa jendela, dapat membingungkan browser audio. Browser yang lebih baru lebih baik dari yang lebih tua, tetapi jika sebuah situs berbasis frame tidak menawarkan "no-frame" pilihan, browser audio mungkin tidak bekerja dengan baik atau sama sekali. Lihat frame .

Definisi: frameset

Tag HTML yang membagi halaman Web menjadi beberapa bagian (frame). Contoh berikut ini membagi halaman layar menjadi dua frame horisontal dengan frame atas memiliki 25% dari layar dan frame bawah memiliki 75%. Lihat frame .

<frameset rows="25%, 75%"> </frameset>

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Definisi: iFrame

(1) (I-frame) Sebuah keyframe di kompresi interframe. I-frame frame video sepenuhnya utuh, dari mana frame berikutnya berasal. Lihat interframe coding .
(2) Sebuah format video digital dari Apple. Lihat Apple iFrame .
(3) (I nline FRAME) Struktur HTML yang memungkinkan dokumen HTML lain yang akan dimasukkan ke dalam halaman HTML. IFrame diatur sebagai bingkai jendela dari ukuran tertentu yang gulungan bersama dengan sisa halaman, tapi isinya iFrame itu sendiri bisa menggulir jika lebih besar dari jendela iFrame.

Tidak seperti biasa fungsi frame HTML, yang digunakan untuk membagi layar menjadi beberapa jendela, iFrame yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyisipkan iklan atau sejumlah kecil teks di tengah halaman. Lihat frame , XFrames dan HTML .

Sebuah iFrame dalam Bingkai

The HTML frame fitur membagi layar menjadi beberapa partisi, tetapi iFrame adalah frame independen yang akan gulir di layar seperti teks atau grafis pada halaman.

Definisi: XFrames

Versi W3C frame HTML. Dirancang untuk mengatasi bookmark, navigasi dan masalah lain yang terkait dengan frame biasa, XFrames diharapkan untuk akhirnya menggantikan frame HTML dan iFrame fungsi, yang keduanya tersingkir di XHTML 1.1. Lihat frame .

NoScript Firefox extension provides extra protection for Firefox

krishna 9:59 AM

home catalog contacts
NoScript is Free Software: if you like it, you can support its progress :)

what is it?
what is it?features changelog screenshots forum faq get it!

Install

NoScript is Free Software: if you like it, you can support its progress :)

Fight CLICKJACKING Now!

The NoScript Firefox extension provides extra protection for Firefox, Seamonkey and other mozilla-based browsers: this free, open source add-on allows JavaScript, Java, Flash and other plugins to be executed only by trusted web sites of your choice (e.g. your online bank).

NoScript also provides the most powerful anti-XSS and anti-Clickjacking protection ever available in a browser.

NoScript's unique whitelist based pre-emptive script blocking approach prevents exploitation of security vulnerabilities (known and even not known yet!) with no loss of functionality...

You can enable JavaScript, Java and plugin execution for sites you trust with a simple left-click on the NoScript status bar icon (look at the picture), or using the contextual menu, for easier operation in popup statusbar-less windows.
Watch the "Block scripts in Firefox" video by cnet.

Staying safe has never been so easy!
Experts will agree: Firefox is really safer with NoScript!

V. 2.6.8.6 - Friendly Security

If you find any bug or you'd like an enhancement, please report here or here. Many thanks!

Main good news
Fixed multiple ABE issues caused by the increased asynchronicity of Mozilla's platform networking (thanks barbaz and al_9x for reporting).
Fixed bugs in regexp-based embed blocking exceptions (thanks barbaz for reporting)
Improved Google AnalyticsScript Surrogates.
Fixed ClearClick incompatibility with latest Google+ based Youtube comments system.
Improved SQLXSSI detection (thanks Alex Inführ for reporting).
Fixed HTML 5 audio/video content types not blocked when loaded as top-level documents (thanks al_9x for reporting)
The anti-XSS filter now recognizes several experimental/unofficial markup items handled by Gecko (thanks .mario for reporting).
Protection against XSS filter evasion attacks exploiting Adobe Flash URL parsing and charset handling bugs (thanks Soroush Dalili for reporting)
ClearClick compatibility with latest browser built-in Click To Play implementation (Bug 889228).
Mimetype whitelisting through the noscript.allowedMimeRegExp preference now work with the WebGL pseudo type (thanks Thrawn for RFE)
Improved "fixable" JavaScript links detection (thanks "asdf" for RFE).
More usable embedding placeholders, e.g. for Youtube movies on Facebook.
Enhanced site compatibility of the anti-XSS filter.
Improved per-window private browsing support.
Improved out-of-the-box compatibility with Microsoft's email services (thanks Raùl Duràn of Microsoft for help).
Google Analytics web bugs are blocked automatically, unless google-analytics.com has been explicitly whitelisted (better than No Google Analytics, because NoScript blocks every cross-site request to GA, no matter the type or the file name).
Mark as untrusted button on the site info page (thanks SwissBIT for RFE)
Allow/Forbid/Mark as untrusted icons on the site info buttons.
Several XSS filter enhancements, thanks to Masato Kinugawa's research.
New "Security Downgrade Warning" suggests blacklist mode as a better option than uninstalling, in order to retain scripting-unrelated protections.
Improved Google Analytics Surrogate, makes more sites work correctly with google-analytics.com blocked.
Added navigator.doNotTrack property support.
Added new fake mimetype placeholder "FRAME" to match FRAMEs and IFRAMES with the noscript.allowedMimeRegExp preference for selecting blocking exceptions.
Holding the left mouse button down on an absolutely positioned page element and hitting the DEL key will remove it if scripts are disabled (useful to forcibly kill in-page popups). This feature can be disabled by setting the noscript.eraseFloatingElements about:config preference to false.
Right-clicking on NoScript menu items copy site domains to the clipboard (useful for reporting and investigating sites, thanks Tom T. for RFE)
Browserid.org has been added to the default whitelist.
"Click to play" protection against WebGL exploitation, now also on whitelisted sites (can be enabled in NoScript Options|Embeddings)
Security and Privacy Info page is shown whenever you middle-click on sites exposed by NoScript's UI, either in the menus or in the Whitelist options tab.
Middle clicking NoScript's toolbar button temporarily allows all on current page. More in the changelog...
Experts do agree...

08/06/2008, "I'd love to see it in there." (Window Snyder, "Chief Security Something-or-Other" at Mozilla Corp., interviewed by ZDNet about "adding NoScript functionality into the core browser").

03/18/2008, "Consider switching to the Firefox Web browser with the NoScript plug-in. NoScript selectively, and non-intrusively, blocks all scripts, plug-ins, and other code on Web pages that could be used to attack your system during visits" (Rich Mogull on TidBITS, Should Mac Users Run Antivirus Software?).

11/06/2007, Douglas Crockford, world-famous JavaScript advocate and developer of JSON (one of the building blocks of Web 2.0), recommends using NoScript.

03/16/2007, SANS Internet Storm Center, the authoritative source of computer security related wisdom, runs a front-page Ongoing interest in Javascript issues diary entry by William Stearns just to say "Please, use NoScript" :)
Actually, NoScript has been recommended several times by SANS, but it's nice to see it mentioned in a dedicated issue, rather than as a work-around for specific exploits in the wild. Many thanks, SANS!

05/31/2006, PC World's The 100 Best Products of the Year list features NoScript at #52!

Many thanks to PC World, of course, for grokking NoScript so much, and to IceDogg who kindly reported these news...
In the press...
CNET News: "Giorgio Maone's NoScript script-blocking plug-in is the one-and-only Firefox add-on I consider mandatory." (March 9, 2009, Dennis O'Reilly, Get a new PC ready for everyday use)
Forbes: "The real key to defeating malware isn't antivirus but approaches like Firefox's NoScript plug-in, which blocks Web pages from running potentially malicious programs" (Dec 11, 2008, Andy Greenberg, Filter The Virus Filters).
PC World: Internet Explorer 7 Still Not Safe Enough because it doesn't act like "NoScript [...] an elegant solution to the problem of malicious scripting" (cite bite)
New York Times: "[...] NoScript, a plug-in utility, can limit the ability of remote programs to run potentially damaging programs on your PC", (Jan 7, 2007, John Markoff, Tips for Protecting the Home Computer).
PC World's Ten Steps Security features using NoScript as step #6. (cite bite)
The Washington Post security blog compares MSIE "advanced" security features (like so called "Zones") to Firefox ones and recommends NoScript adoption as the safest and most usable approach. (cite bite)
Giorgio Maone
what is it?features changelog screenshots forum faq get it!privacy

Copyright © 2004-2013 InformAction - All rights reserved

Ranks AddThis #1 In Distributed Content

krishna 11:26 AM

comScore Ranks AddThis #1 In Distributed Content In The United States

Vienna, Va., - November 13, 2013 — AddThis today announced that according to October data from comScore, a leader in measuring the digital world, the company is ranked #1 in distributed content in the United States, reaching over 219 million users monthly. This is the first time that AddThis has been included in comScore's Distributed Content category.
According to comScore, AddThis tools reach 97.2% of the total Internet population in the United States. The company's tools for sharing, following, and content recommendations are designed to help publishers create more personalized user experiences while boosting content recirculation and time on site.
The company today also announced that it has seen significant growth globally across its suite of tools and services. AddThis solutions generate over 103 billion page views, reach 1.6 billion uniques and are loaded from over 14 million domains worldwide each month. Global social activity has grown 34% year over year and page views have grown 16% over the same period. The company serves over one trillion page views annually.
"Being ranked first within comScore's Distributed Content category validates not only our reach and scale but the unique value of our tools and services for driving content engagement," said Richard Harris, CEO, AddThis. "At the same time, the value of our data has grown exponentially as we continue to see double-digit growth and activity within our network."
The company's latest product called Smart Layers offers website owners dynamic, personalized tools for sharing, following, recommended content and "what's next" and are designed to maximize content engagement by surfacing the right tools at the right time for each user across desktop, mobile and tablet. Launched in July of 2013, AddThis Smart Layers has already been installed on over 400 thousand domains worldwide.

About AddThis

AddThis is personalizing the web with powerful, easy-to-use consumer engagement tools, APIs and services. The data company reaches 1.5 billion unique users monthly. AddThis' social tools are used by 14 million domains worldwide to power social sharing, increase engagement, boost traffic and provide user insights. Proprietary XGraph technology processes more than 10 terabytes of data daily allowing AddThis to provide brands with sophisticated audience models, data-driven tools and web-wide consumer insights that enhance their paid, earned and owned media strategies.

Jobs @ AddThis

Sound like your kind of place? Think you can make an impact? Click here to find opportunities to join AddThis.

6.3-magnitude earthquake strikes off Indonesia

krishna 10:51 AM

A 6.3-magnitude earthquake struck early Sunday off Indonesia, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

The quake rattled a remote swath of sea between the Pacific and Indian oceans, north of Australia and east of Timor-Leste, some 5.6 miles (9 kilometers) deep, according to the U.S. agency.

It was centered approximately 212 miles (340 kilometers) west-northwest of Saumlaki in Indonesia's Tanimbar Islands, 217 miles east-northeast of Dili, Timor-Leste, and 226 miles of Ambon, Indonesia.

Neither the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center nor the Japan Meteorological Agency issued tsunami warnings or advisories immediately after the tremor.

STORY HIGHLIGHTS

The quake rattles a remote swath of sea between the Pacific and Indian oceans
It is 9 kilometers deep and was centered 212 miles from Saumlaki, Indonesia
No tsunami warnings or advisories are immediately issued

By CNN Staff

December 1, 2013 -- Updated 0204 GMT (1004 HKT)

Get CleanPrint® for Firefox

krishna 10:39 AM Firefox , Mozilla Firefox

What is CleanPrint®

CleanPrint® is an economically and ecologically friendly print tool that saves you paper, ink, and money while making your output look great. CleanPrint is activated by clicking the CleanPrint Browser Tool instead of the print button next to an article on a website. Before printing or saving content you can add a note, eliminate images, increase or decrease font size, and eliminate text to save ink and paper.

To install CleanPrint as a FireFox Add-On click the link below.

Get CleanPrint for FireFox

A warning will pop up that looks like this.

Click "Allow" and follow the instructions provided.

** CleanPrint Browser Tool is available for IE7+ (IE7 must have Flash installed), Firefox 3.5+, Chrome 2+, Safari 4+, and iPad.
By installing CleanPrint you agree to the our terms of service.

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Get CleanPrint

Use CleanPrint everywhere on the web with the CleanPrint browser tool. Choose your web browser below:

Have a website or blog? Get the CleanPrint button for your website or blog here

By installing CleanPrint you are accepting our Terms of Service.

Music Can Boost Seniors' Brain Function: Study

krishna 9:27 AM Brain , Cognition , Dalcroze Eurhythmics , Émile Jaques-Dalcroze , Hars , Jacques-Dalcroze , Piano , Reuters , Switzerland

A music-based training program that challenges both the body and the mind may improve brain function and mood among seniors, suggests a new study from Switzerland.

"The take-home message is that 6-months of music-based multitask training (i.e., Jaques-Dalcroze eurhythmics) - a specific training regimen which was previously shown to be effective in improving gait and reducing falls - has beneficial effects on cognition and mood in older adults," Dr. Mélany Hars, of Geneva University Hospitals, told Reuters Health in an email.

Jacques-Dalcroze eurhythmics was developed in the early part of the 20th century by the Swiss composer Emile Jaques-Dalcroze as a way to better understand music through movement. It is practiced worldwide, particularly in the fields of music, theater, dance and therapy, according to Hars.

A typical Jacques-Dalcroze session involves participants adapting their movements to the rhythmic changes of improvised piano music. In Hars' study, the participants were challenged to perform specific multitasking skills, such as walking to the rhythm of a piano while handling a percussion instrument and responding to changes in the piano's rhythm.

The study participants were also asked to perform quick reaction exercises, such as starting or stopping to walk or changing their walking speed on command, as well as matching their steps to the long or short music notes that were played.

The study included 134 men and women aged 75 years, on average, who were all at increased risk for falls but who did not live in a nursing home or other facility. These seniors were randomly divided into a study group that attended hour-long music-based multitasking sessions once a week for 25 weeks or a comparison group that just kept up their normal lifestyles and did not attend training sessions.

At the beginning of the study, both groups underwent a battery of tests for mental function and mood.

After six months, the 66 adults who participated in the music training sessions showed improved cognitive function, particularly on a test of their degree of sensitivity to interference, and decreased anxiety, compared to the group that had not done the training.

"This may have implications for everyday life function," since many situations require individuals to pay selective attention to one thing while blocking out something else, such as distracting surroundings, Hars and her coauthors write in the journal Age and Ageing.

How the training might be responsible for the improvements is unknown, Hars acknowledges.

However, she noted, "some studies suggest that music can mitigate effects of the aging brain… (and) some studies have revealed that specific physical exercise regimens may enhance (not only) cognitive performance but also brain function or brain structure of older adults."

Jacques-Dalcroze eurhythmics puts it all together in a program that combines gait, balance, movement coordination and flexibility training while also engaging attention and memory skills, Hars said.

This "is likely to engage multiple brain regions through a combination of music, rhythm, and exercise," Hars said.

Whether the training is also linked with fewer falls or improved walking ability in these seniors remains to be studied, the researchers point out in their report.

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comScore Ranks AddThis #1 In Distributed Content In The United States

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